Relative area of the total and anterior corpus callosum showed a positive linear trajectory. The studied age range was 2.5–26.6 years and lifespan trajectories were fitted using general additive modelling. For this purpose, total relative (to forebrain volume) midsagittal area, subsectional area, and regional thickness of the corpus callosum were assessed in 91 male and female baboons using non-invasive MRI-based morphometry. In the present study, we extend these previous findings by studying callosal development of the olive baboon ( Papio anubis) across the lifespan and compare it to chimpanzee and human data. In non-human primates, these degenerative processes are less pronounced as previous morphometric studies on capuchin monkey, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees do not find old-age callosal atrophy. In the aging human brain, these functions are affected by progressive axon and myelin deteriorations, reflected as atrophy of the midsagittal corpus callosum in old age. The corpus callosum enables integration and coordination of cognitive processing between the cerebral hemispheres.
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